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MANUFACTURE AND INSTALLATION OF FACADE ALUMINIUM WINDOWS AND DOORS
This technical specification refer to the manufacture and installation of facade windows and doors made of aluminium profiles and glass and the execution of the connection between these elements and the wall of the building. The technical specification does not cover the installation of window flashing outside and windowsill inside. Wall curtains are not subject to this technical specification.
1. Relevant standards
EN 14351-1 (2006) +A2 (2016) Windows and doors - Product standard, performance characteristics - Part 1: Windows and external pedestrian doorsets
EN ISO 10077-1 (2017) Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 1: General
EN ISO 717-1 (2013) Acoustics - Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 1: Airborne sound insulation
EN 12207 (2016) Windows and doors - Air permeability - Classification
EN 12208 (1999) Windows and doors - Watertightness - Classification
EN 12210 (2016) Windows and doors - Resistance to wind load - Classification
EN 12400 (2002) Windows and pedestrian doors - Mechanical durability - Requirements and classification
EN 1627 (2011) Pedestrian doorsets, windows, curtain walling, grilles and shutters - Burglar resistance - Requirements and classification
EN 13126-1 (2011) Building hardware - Hardware for windows and door height windows - Requirements and test methods - Part 1: Requirements common to all types of hardware
EN 13126-8 (2017) Building hardware - Hardware for windows and door height windows - Part 8: Requirements and test methods for Tilt and Turn, Tilt-First and Turn-Only hardware
EN 1906 (2012) Building hardware - Lever handles and knob furniture - Requirements and test methods
EN 1935 (2002) Building hardware - Single-axis hinges - Requirements and test methods
EN 1191 (2012) Windows and doors - Resistance to repeated opening and closing - Test method
EN 3506-1 (2020) Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified grades and property classes
EN 3506-2 (2020) Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 2: Nuts with specified grades and property classes
EN 12206-1 (2020) Paints and varnishes - Coating of aluminium and aluminium alloys for architectural purposes - Part 1: Coatings prepared from thermosetting coating powder
EN 12365-1 (2003) Building hardware - Gasket and weatherstripping for doors, windows, shutters and curtain walling - Part 1: Performance requirements and classification
EN 410 (2011) Glass in building - Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
2. Material
Prior to the manufacture and installation of the elements, the contractor is obliged to submit the manufacturer's certificates for aluminium profiles, glass, fittings and other products that he will use to complete these works. Elements must meet the requirements for CE marking (Declaration of performance to be submitted). Manufacturer’s production control body must provide evidence that the marketed products fully conform with the declared performances.
The applied material and windows and doors should be in accordance with the architectural execution design (window and doors schemes), calculation of thermal performance of the building, fire safety design, acoustic calculation and local safety standards or safety standards required by the employer.
The contractor is obliged to submit the workshop drawings to the supervisor for review before procuring the materials and manufacturing the elements.
Unless otherwise defined by the design, the windows and doors should meet the following requirements:
Airborne sound insulation (EN ISO 717-1) Rw ≥ 28dB
Air permeability: Class 4 (EN 12207)
Water tightness (EN 12208): Class 9A or 7B, Class 6A for double leaf doors
Resistance to wind load (EN 12210): Class 4 or 5
Mechanical properties - racking, torsion and operating forces (EN 13115): Class 4
Mechanical durability (EN 12400): Minimum class 4
Burglary resistance (EN 1627): Minimum class 2
The system of aluminium profiles should be thermally broken and drained. The finishing and colour of aluminium profiles should be in accordance with the architectural execution design (window and doors schemes). Anodized coating thickness should be approximately 20μ or powder coating 50 - 70µ, coating to be resistant to UV radiation.
The elements are delivered to the construction site with aluminium profiles that are protected with self-adhesive foil tape.
The type of glass should be in accordance with the architectural execution design (window and doors schemes). Insulating glass spacers should be made of aluminium, perforated, filled with a highly active drying agent (molecule) that ensures a low level of moisture between the glasses or thermoplastic or silicone-based material with incorporated molecular sieves (flexible warm edge spacers).
Fitting system (hardware for windows and doors) should be classified in accordance with EN 13126-8 as:
Box 1, Durability: min. class H2
Box 2, Mass: no requirement
Box 3, Corrosion resistance: min. class 5
Box 4, Test sizes: no requirement
Digit 1, Category of use: grade 3 (public office doors)
Digit 2, Durability: grade 7 (high use, 200 000 cycles)
Digit 3, Test door mass: no requirement
Digit 4, Fire resistance: in accordance with the architectural execution design
Digit 5, Safety: no requirement
Digit 6, Corrosion resistance: grade 3 (high resistance, minimum requirement for external use)
Digit 7, Security: grade 2 (moderate resistance)
Digit 8, Type of operation: no requirement
In accordance with EN 1935 single-axis hinges should be classified on the basis of 8 parameters as (minimum requirements):
Digit 1, Category of use: grade 2 or 3 (medium duty or heavy duty)
Digit 2, Durability: grade 7 (200 000 test cycles, for medium. heavy and
severe duty hinges on doors only)
Digit 3, Test door mass: no requirement
Digit 4, Fire resistance: in accordance with the architectural execution design
Digit 5, Safety: no requirement
Digit 6, Corrosion resistance: grade 3 (high resistance)
Digit 7, Security: grade 1 (suitable for applications requiring a degree of security)
Digit 8, Hinge grade: for use on windows - grade for maximum test cycles / for use on doors with a mass up to 60kg - grade 10
On fittings, hinges, handles, etc. the name of the manufacturer and the product code should be marked.
Fixing anchors for windows and doors should be made of galvanized steel or stainless steel (in accordance with EN 3506-1 and EN 3506-2).
Installation of windows and doors should be without blind frames.
All Before the start of work, contractor is obliged to submit manufacturer's certificates for all materials to the Supervisor for approval, through the Submittal process.
Contractor is to submit manual for maintenance and cleaning.
3. Workmanship
Before starting work, the contractor is obliged to check dimensions of the openings where windows and doors are installed, to determine the position in the wall in accordance with the design (details) and whether there are any obstacles to opening the window or door (in relation to elements on the facade, installations in the premises, etc.). If the contractor determines that the condition of the facility does not correspond to the designed, he should inform the supervisor before the start of works.
At the corners, the aluminium profiles should be connected in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, unless otherwise defined - with a crimping press connecting machine. Provide condensate drainage from the profile on the lowest horizontal profile.
It is allowed that the dimensions of the windows and doors deviate from workshop drawing ± 1.5 mm.
The dimensions of the glass should be at least 2mm on each side less than the frame in which it is installed.
Windows and doors on one facade, unless otherwise provided by the design, should be in the same plane and the vertical and horizontal edges in the same lines.
If windows and doors are stored on the construction site until installation, they should be protected from precipitation and direct sunlight, in a vertical position and always on a base of wood or similar material (not directly on concrete, cement screed, etc.). Make sure that the corners of the stored frames remain right.
Unless otherwise defined by the design, the installed elements must be in a vertical position. Make sure that non-glazed element is not deformed during installation, after installation check whether the angles of installed window or door are 90º.
The minimum temperature at the time of installation of facade elements should be + 5ºC.
Windows and doors are fixed on hard PVC supports which must not interfere with the finishing of external and internal joints. The length of the supports should be 100-120mm, the distance between the supports is ~ 300mm. The distance of the supports from the corners is max. 150mm.
Anchors for fixing windows and doors should be in accordance with the wall material in which the element is installed and the recommendations of the anchor manufacturer. The elements are fixed to the wall with anchors at a maximum distance of 600 mm. The distance of the anchors from the corners should not be more than 150mm. If this is not possible for some reason, the contractor is obliged to submit a static calculation. It is forbidden to use polyurethane foam, silicone or similar materials as a material for fixing the elements. Holes for the installation of anchors must be drilled, it is not allowed to use percussion tools. At the anchor installation points, the opening in the aluminium profile should be protected with a sealant from water penetration.
The joints with the building walls should be filled in layers, according to the instructions of the sealant manufacturer. The space in the middle should be filled with thermal insulation mass - polyurethane foam. Unless otherwise provided by the design, the joint should be closed on the outside with a waterproofing vapor-permeable sealing membrane, and on the inside with a hydro and vapor barrier sealing compound or expanding tape. If it is subsequently plastered over the waterproofing mambrane, it should be sprinkled for better adhesion of the mortar. If silicones (neutral) are used for sealing joints, then they should be (according to EN ISO 11600) type F, class 25 for external joints and minimum class 20 for internal joints.
Window and wall joint should be protected from moisture until the external metal flashing is installed. When installing the flashing, care should be taken not to cover the condensate drainage holes from the aluminium profile and ensure that this amount of water is drained in a controlled manner. Balcony doors must have a threshold that protects against water entering the room.
Care should be taken that the edges of the glass panels are not exposed to UV rays, before and after installation (if the edges are not filled with a mass resistant to UV rays).
Glass panels are installed on hard PVC spacer packers. Packers should provide a free space between the glass and the groove to equalize the steam pressure and condensate drainage. It is not allowed for the glass to touch the aluminium profile. Packer width should be min. 2mm wider than the width of the glass, length 80-100mm. No more than two packers should be installed on each side of the glass panel. The distance of the packer from the corner of the glass package is 50-80 mm, for glass wider than 1.5 m - up to 150 mm.
If the walls where the windows and doors are installed are plastered and painted after installation, protect the aluminium profiles and glass from damage (especially anodized aluminium profiles that can be permanently damaged by the plaster). As soon as the danger of damage to the profile from mortar and painting works ceases, remove the protective tape.
Electrical wiring and other specialist cables should be routed around and away from the window / door and not through the frame. If this is not possible then it must be agreed by the contractor and supervisor as to an alternative solution and if required a specialist service provider brought in to assist with the routing of the cables.
4. Supervision and measurement of works
Before installing windows and doors, visually check that the elements are undamaged, including the glass, especially the sealant at the edges of the glass panes.
All protective strips should be removed before inspecting the installed windows and doors. Check that the element is firmly fixed to the building and that it is placed vertically, unless otherwise provided by the design. Check that the window or door opens correctly (around the vertical and / or horizontal axis). The open wing must remain in the position in which it was left.
Check that all the elements provided by the design are installed and that the elements are correct (self-locking panic locks, self-closing mechanisms, magnets that hold the element in the open position, curtains, etc.).
Check that the window and door joints with the façade and interior wall are properly finished and that the flushing (outside) and the windowsill (inside) are installed correctly.
Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, the item is calculated per piece of fully installed element, glazed, with installed fittings and finished joints.
January, 2021
This technical specification refer to the manufacture and installation of facade windows and doors made of aluminium profiles and glass and the execution of the connection between these elements and the wall of the building. The technical specification does not cover the installation of window flashing outside and windowsill inside. Wall curtains are not subject to this technical specification.
1. Relevant standards
EN 14351-1 (2006) +A2 (2016) Windows and doors - Product standard, performance characteristics - Part 1: Windows and external pedestrian doorsets
EN ISO 10077-1 (2017) Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 1: General
EN ISO 717-1 (2013) Acoustics - Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 1: Airborne sound insulation
EN 12207 (2016) Windows and doors - Air permeability - Classification
EN 12208 (1999) Windows and doors - Watertightness - Classification
EN 12210 (2016) Windows and doors - Resistance to wind load - Classification
EN 12400 (2002) Windows and pedestrian doors - Mechanical durability - Requirements and classification
EN 1627 (2011) Pedestrian doorsets, windows, curtain walling, grilles and shutters - Burglar resistance - Requirements and classification
EN 13126-1 (2011) Building hardware - Hardware for windows and door height windows - Requirements and test methods - Part 1: Requirements common to all types of hardware
EN 13126-8 (2017) Building hardware - Hardware for windows and door height windows - Part 8: Requirements and test methods for Tilt and Turn, Tilt-First and Turn-Only hardware
EN 1906 (2012) Building hardware - Lever handles and knob furniture - Requirements and test methods
EN 1935 (2002) Building hardware - Single-axis hinges - Requirements and test methods
EN 1191 (2012) Windows and doors - Resistance to repeated opening and closing - Test method
EN 3506-1 (2020) Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified grades and property classes
EN 3506-2 (2020) Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 2: Nuts with specified grades and property classes
EN 12206-1 (2020) Paints and varnishes - Coating of aluminium and aluminium alloys for architectural purposes - Part 1: Coatings prepared from thermosetting coating powder
EN 12365-1 (2003) Building hardware - Gasket and weatherstripping for doors, windows, shutters and curtain walling - Part 1: Performance requirements and classification
EN 410 (2011) Glass in building - Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
2. Material
Prior to the manufacture and installation of the elements, the contractor is obliged to submit the manufacturer's certificates for aluminium profiles, glass, fittings and other products that he will use to complete these works. Elements must meet the requirements for CE marking (Declaration of performance to be submitted). Manufacturer’s production control body must provide evidence that the marketed products fully conform with the declared performances.
The applied material and windows and doors should be in accordance with the architectural execution design (window and doors schemes), calculation of thermal performance of the building, fire safety design, acoustic calculation and local safety standards or safety standards required by the employer.
The contractor is obliged to submit the workshop drawings to the supervisor for review before procuring the materials and manufacturing the elements.
Unless otherwise defined by the design, the windows and doors should meet the following requirements:
Airborne sound insulation (EN ISO 717-1) Rw ≥ 28dB
Air permeability: Class 4 (EN 12207)
Water tightness (EN 12208): Class 9A or 7B, Class 6A for double leaf doors
Resistance to wind load (EN 12210): Class 4 or 5
Mechanical properties - racking, torsion and operating forces (EN 13115): Class 4
Mechanical durability (EN 12400): Minimum class 4
Burglary resistance (EN 1627): Minimum class 2
The system of aluminium profiles should be thermally broken and drained. The finishing and colour of aluminium profiles should be in accordance with the architectural execution design (window and doors schemes). Anodized coating thickness should be approximately 20μ or powder coating 50 - 70µ, coating to be resistant to UV radiation.
The elements are delivered to the construction site with aluminium profiles that are protected with self-adhesive foil tape.
The type of glass should be in accordance with the architectural execution design (window and doors schemes). Insulating glass spacers should be made of aluminium, perforated, filled with a highly active drying agent (molecule) that ensures a low level of moisture between the glasses or thermoplastic or silicone-based material with incorporated molecular sieves (flexible warm edge spacers).
Fitting system (hardware for windows and doors) should be classified in accordance with EN 13126-8 as:
Box 1, Durability: min. class H2
Box 2, Mass: no requirement
Box 3, Corrosion resistance: min. class 5
Box 4, Test sizes: no requirement
Digit 1, Category of use: grade 3 (public office doors)
Digit 2, Durability: grade 7 (high use, 200 000 cycles)
Digit 3, Test door mass: no requirement
Digit 4, Fire resistance: in accordance with the architectural execution design
Digit 5, Safety: no requirement
Digit 6, Corrosion resistance: grade 3 (high resistance, minimum requirement for external use)
Digit 7, Security: grade 2 (moderate resistance)
Digit 8, Type of operation: no requirement
In accordance with EN 1935 single-axis hinges should be classified on the basis of 8 parameters as (minimum requirements):
Digit 1, Category of use: grade 2 or 3 (medium duty or heavy duty)
Digit 2, Durability: grade 7 (200 000 test cycles, for medium. heavy and
severe duty hinges on doors only)
Digit 3, Test door mass: no requirement
Digit 4, Fire resistance: in accordance with the architectural execution design
Digit 5, Safety: no requirement
Digit 6, Corrosion resistance: grade 3 (high resistance)
Digit 7, Security: grade 1 (suitable for applications requiring a degree of security)
Digit 8, Hinge grade: for use on windows - grade for maximum test cycles / for use on doors with a mass up to 60kg - grade 10
On fittings, hinges, handles, etc. the name of the manufacturer and the product code should be marked.
Fixing anchors for windows and doors should be made of galvanized steel or stainless steel (in accordance with EN 3506-1 and EN 3506-2).
Installation of windows and doors should be without blind frames.
All Before the start of work, contractor is obliged to submit manufacturer's certificates for all materials to the Supervisor for approval, through the Submittal process.
Contractor is to submit manual for maintenance and cleaning.
3. Workmanship
Before starting work, the contractor is obliged to check dimensions of the openings where windows and doors are installed, to determine the position in the wall in accordance with the design (details) and whether there are any obstacles to opening the window or door (in relation to elements on the facade, installations in the premises, etc.). If the contractor determines that the condition of the facility does not correspond to the designed, he should inform the supervisor before the start of works.
At the corners, the aluminium profiles should be connected in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, unless otherwise defined - with a crimping press connecting machine. Provide condensate drainage from the profile on the lowest horizontal profile.
It is allowed that the dimensions of the windows and doors deviate from workshop drawing ± 1.5 mm.
The dimensions of the glass should be at least 2mm on each side less than the frame in which it is installed.
Windows and doors on one facade, unless otherwise provided by the design, should be in the same plane and the vertical and horizontal edges in the same lines.
If windows and doors are stored on the construction site until installation, they should be protected from precipitation and direct sunlight, in a vertical position and always on a base of wood or similar material (not directly on concrete, cement screed, etc.). Make sure that the corners of the stored frames remain right.
Unless otherwise defined by the design, the installed elements must be in a vertical position. Make sure that non-glazed element is not deformed during installation, after installation check whether the angles of installed window or door are 90º.
The minimum temperature at the time of installation of facade elements should be + 5ºC.
Windows and doors are fixed on hard PVC supports which must not interfere with the finishing of external and internal joints. The length of the supports should be 100-120mm, the distance between the supports is ~ 300mm. The distance of the supports from the corners is max. 150mm.
Anchors for fixing windows and doors should be in accordance with the wall material in which the element is installed and the recommendations of the anchor manufacturer. The elements are fixed to the wall with anchors at a maximum distance of 600 mm. The distance of the anchors from the corners should not be more than 150mm. If this is not possible for some reason, the contractor is obliged to submit a static calculation. It is forbidden to use polyurethane foam, silicone or similar materials as a material for fixing the elements. Holes for the installation of anchors must be drilled, it is not allowed to use percussion tools. At the anchor installation points, the opening in the aluminium profile should be protected with a sealant from water penetration.
The joints with the building walls should be filled in layers, according to the instructions of the sealant manufacturer. The space in the middle should be filled with thermal insulation mass - polyurethane foam. Unless otherwise provided by the design, the joint should be closed on the outside with a waterproofing vapor-permeable sealing membrane, and on the inside with a hydro and vapor barrier sealing compound or expanding tape. If it is subsequently plastered over the waterproofing mambrane, it should be sprinkled for better adhesion of the mortar. If silicones (neutral) are used for sealing joints, then they should be (according to EN ISO 11600) type F, class 25 for external joints and minimum class 20 for internal joints.
Window and wall joint should be protected from moisture until the external metal flashing is installed. When installing the flashing, care should be taken not to cover the condensate drainage holes from the aluminium profile and ensure that this amount of water is drained in a controlled manner. Balcony doors must have a threshold that protects against water entering the room.
Care should be taken that the edges of the glass panels are not exposed to UV rays, before and after installation (if the edges are not filled with a mass resistant to UV rays).
Glass panels are installed on hard PVC spacer packers. Packers should provide a free space between the glass and the groove to equalize the steam pressure and condensate drainage. It is not allowed for the glass to touch the aluminium profile. Packer width should be min. 2mm wider than the width of the glass, length 80-100mm. No more than two packers should be installed on each side of the glass panel. The distance of the packer from the corner of the glass package is 50-80 mm, for glass wider than 1.5 m - up to 150 mm.
If the walls where the windows and doors are installed are plastered and painted after installation, protect the aluminium profiles and glass from damage (especially anodized aluminium profiles that can be permanently damaged by the plaster). As soon as the danger of damage to the profile from mortar and painting works ceases, remove the protective tape.
Electrical wiring and other specialist cables should be routed around and away from the window / door and not through the frame. If this is not possible then it must be agreed by the contractor and supervisor as to an alternative solution and if required a specialist service provider brought in to assist with the routing of the cables.
4. Supervision and measurement of works
Before installing windows and doors, visually check that the elements are undamaged, including the glass, especially the sealant at the edges of the glass panes.
All protective strips should be removed before inspecting the installed windows and doors. Check that the element is firmly fixed to the building and that it is placed vertically, unless otherwise provided by the design. Check that the window or door opens correctly (around the vertical and / or horizontal axis). The open wing must remain in the position in which it was left.
Check that all the elements provided by the design are installed and that the elements are correct (self-locking panic locks, self-closing mechanisms, magnets that hold the element in the open position, curtains, etc.).
Check that the window and door joints with the façade and interior wall are properly finished and that the flushing (outside) and the windowsill (inside) are installed correctly.
Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, the item is calculated per piece of fully installed element, glazed, with installed fittings and finished joints.
January, 2021
Please note that the technical specifications on this web site are templates only, information provided should be carefully checked and aligned with your project needs.
Manufacturers may decide to place a product on the market:
- designed and tested by themselves at a Notified Body
- a product designed and tested by another manufacturer having given written authorisation to use their test data (sharing)
- by assembling a product which is tested by a system provider having given written authorisation to use their test data (cascading)
In all cases manufacturer’s Factory Production Control system, must provide evidence that the marketed product fully conform with the declared performances.
- designed and tested by themselves at a Notified Body
- a product designed and tested by another manufacturer having given written authorisation to use their test data (sharing)
- by assembling a product which is tested by a system provider having given written authorisation to use their test data (cascading)
In all cases manufacturer’s Factory Production Control system, must provide evidence that the marketed product fully conform with the declared performances.
Air permeability (EN 12207):
Category 1 is basic (not suitable for heated buildings)
Category 2 is allowed but not recommended.
Category 3 is normal.
Category 4 is required for energy efficient houses
Category 1 is basic (not suitable for heated buildings)
Category 2 is allowed but not recommended.
Category 3 is normal.
Category 4 is required for energy efficient houses
Classification based on the overall area, for windows and pedestrian doorsets
Reference air permeability related to overall area
Reference air permeability related to overall area
|
Class
|
Reference air
permeability at
100Pa,
m3/(h x m2)
|
Maximum
test
pressure
Pa
|
|
1
|
50
|
150
|
|
2
|
27
|
300
|
|
3
|
9
|
600
|
|
4
|
3
|
600
|
Water tightness (EN 12208):
A - products fully exposed
B - products partly exposed
A - products fully exposed
B - products partly exposed
Classification: EN 12400 (test: EN 1191)
The door has to close from 90° to 0° in 3 to 5 seconds, door must work after the test.
The door has to close from 90° to 0° in 3 to 5 seconds, door must work after the test.
|
Classes
|
Cycles
|
|
f0
|
/
|
|
f1
|
5.000
|
|
f2
|
10.000
|
|
f3
|
20.000
|
|
f4
|
50.000
|
|
f5
|
100.000
|
|
f6
|
200.000
|
|
f7
|
500.000
|
|
f8
|
1.000.000
|
Classification EN 1627:
RC1 to RC6
RC1 to RC6
EN 1935, Digit 8, Hinge grade:
| Hinge grade | Usage | Test cycles | Door mass |
| 1 | Window | 10.000 | 10kg |
| 2 | Window | 10.000 | 20kg |
| 3 | Window / Door | 25.000 | 20kg |
| 4 | Door | 200.000 | 20kg |
| 5 | Window | 10.000 | 40kg |
| 6 | Window / Door | 25.000 | 40kg |
| 7 | Door | 200.000 | 40kg |
| 8 | Window | 10.000 | 60kg |
| 9 | Window / Door | 25.000 | 60kg |
| 10 | Door | 200.000 | 60kg |
| 11 | Door | 200.000 | 80kg |
| 12 | Door | 200.000 | 100kg |
| 13 | Door | 200.000 | 120kg |
| 14 | Door | 200.000 | 160kg |